WASHINGTON – The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa) on Dec 18 announced that it used a state-of-the-art laser communication system on a spaceship 31 million km away from Earth to send a high-definition cat video.

The 15-second “meow-vie”, featuring an orange tabby named Taters, is the first to be streamed from deep space and demonstrates it is possible to transmit the higher-data-rate communications needed to support complex missions such as sending humans to Mars.

The video was beamed to Earth using a laser transceiver on the Psyche probe, which is journeying to the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter to explore a mysterious metal-rich object.

When it sent the video, the spaceship was 80 times the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

The encoded near-infrared signal was received by the Hale Telescope at Caltech’s Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, and from there sent to Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California.

“One of the goals is to demonstrate the ability to transmit broadband video across millions of miles. Nothing on Psyche generates video data, so we usually send packets of randomly generated test data,” said Mr Bill Klipstein, the tech demo’s project manager at JPL.

“But to make this significant event more memorable, we decided to work with designers at JPL to create a fun video, which captures the essence of the demo as part of the Psyche mission.”

Space missions have traditionally relied on radio waves to send and receive data, but working with lasers can increase the data rate by 10 to 100 times.

Giant pounce for ‘catkind’

The ultra-high definition video took 101 seconds to be sent to Earth at the system’s maximum bit rate of 267 megabits per second – faster than most home broadband connections.

“In fact, after receiving the video at Palomar, it was sent to JPL over the Internet, and that connection was slower than the signal coming from deep space,” said Mr Ryan Rogalin, the project’s receiver electronics lead at JPL.

So why a cat video? First, there is the historic connection, said JPL.

When US interest in television began growing in the 1920s, a statue of Felix the Cat was broadcast to serve as a test image.

And while cats may not claim the title as man’s best friend, few can dispute their No. 1 position when it comes to Internet videos and meme culture.

Uploaded before launch, the clip shows Taters, the pet of a JPL employee, chasing a laser light on a couch, with test graphics overlaid. These include Psyche’s orbital path and technical information about the laser and its data bit rate.

While laser transmission has been demonstrated in low Earth orbit and as far away as the Moon, the Psyche mission is the first time it has been deployed in deep space.

Aiming a laser beam from millions of miles away requires extremely precise “pointing”, a major technical hurdle engineering teams had to resolve.

The technology demonstration even needs to compensate for the fact that in the time it takes for light to travel from the spacecraft to Earth, both the probe and the planet will have moved – so the uplink and downlink lasers needed to adjust for the change accordingly.

AFP