KENNEDY SPACE CENTRE, United States – It is a world like no other: a metal-rich asteroid that could be the remnants of a small planet, or perhaps an entirely new type of celestial body unknown to science.

A Nasa probe is set to blast off on Friday bound for Psyche, an object 3.5 billion kilometres away that could offer clues about the interior of planets like Earth.

“We’ve visited, either in person or robotically, worlds made of rock, worlds made of ice and worlds made of gas... but this will be our first time visiting a world that has a metal surface,” lead scientist Lindy Elkins-Tanton told reporters during a briefing this week.

Nasa and SpaceX are targeting Friday at 10.19am Eastern time (10.19pm Singapore time) for launch from Kennedy Space Centre aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, with a backup window on Saturday if weather conditions are unfavourable.

Trailing a blue glow from its next-generation electric propulsion system and flanked by two large solar arrays, the van-sized probe should arrive at its destination in the Asteroid Belt, between Mars and Jupiter, in July 2029.

Studying cores of rocky planets

Over the following two years, it will deploy its suite of advanced instruments to look for evidence of an ancient magnetic field, probe its chemical composition, and study the minerals and topography of Psyche.

Scientists think Psyche, named after the goddess of the soul in Greek mythology, could be part of the iron-rich core of a “planetesimal”, a building block of all rocky planets.

It could also be something else – a leftover piece of an iron-rich, primordial solar system object that has not yet been documented.

“This is our one way to see a core,” said Professor Elkins-Tanton. “We say tongue in cheek that we’re going to outer space to explore inner space.”

Psyche is thought to have an irregular, potato-like shape, measuring 280km across at its widest point – though it has never actually been seen up close.

Until recently, scientists thought it was overwhelmingly composed of metal – but analyses based on reflected radar and light now indicate that metal probably makes up between 30 and 60 per cent of Psyche, with the rest being rock.

Solar electric propulsion

The mission will include several technological innovations.

The Psyche spacecraft, named after the asteroid, will test out next-generation communications based on lasers, rather than radio waves – a step Nasa compares to upgrading old telephone lines on Earth to fibre optics.

Deep Space Optical Communications, as the system is called, “was designed to demonstrate 10 to 100 times the data-return capacity of state-of-the-art radio systems used in space today”, said Dr Abi Biswas of Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in a statement.

Psyche also uses a special kind of propulsion system called “hall-effect thrusters” that harnesses the energy from solar panels to create electric and magnetic fields that, in turn, expel charged atoms of xenon gas.

The thrust it exerts is roughly equal to the weight of an AA battery in your hand. But in the void of space, the spacecraft will accelerate continuously to tens of thousands of miles an hour.

Such systems avoid the need to carry thousands of pounds of chemical fuel into space, and Psyche will be the first time they are used beyond lunar orbit. AFP