WASHINGTON/SYDNEY - A proposal for the permanent deployment of US Patriot missile defence batteries in Palau in response to China's expanding reach in the Pacific has come under fire as the nation's politicians debate the move ahead of elections in 2024.

The United States has begun work on an over-the-horizon radar system in Palau and the island nation's president, Mr Surangel Whipps, says he has asked Washington to install the missile shield given fears that hosting the radar could endanger the archipelago's 18,000 residents.

However, in late November, the Senate in Palau, where the population is sensitive to the islands' history as a bloody battleground in World War II, passed a resolution rejecting the deployment. The lower house of parliament has yet to consider the issue.

The Senate vote came after Mr Whipps announced in September that the US and Palau were discussing the permanent deployment of Patriots, as hosting the radar system made his nation of 340 islands halfway between the Philippines and Guam a potential target in any conflict.

Patriots will also help protect the new radar system, which is expected to be operational in 2026 to boost US capabilities as China expands its military operations in the Pacific.

The US has already temporarily deployed Patriot systems in Palau and test-fired them during exercises.

A Pentagon spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The Chinese embassy in Washington did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

In a statement to Reuters, Mr Whipps' office said it hoped Palau Senate members "understand that in these tumultuous times it is good to have a defence system for Palau and her people that can respond immediately to a threat."

Under the terms of long-standing agreements, the United States is responsible for the defence of Palau, Micronesia and the Marshall Islands and provides economic assistance, while gaining exclusive military access to strategic swathes of the Pacific.

In October, BenarNews, an affiliate of Radio Free Asia, quoted Mr Hokkons Baules, the president of Palau's Senate, as saying that US interests rather than Palau's were served by a military build-up in the country.

In a statement to Reuters, Mr Baules said that Palau should not be asking for the permanent basing of weapons.

"Permanent basing of purely military weapons in the Republic of Palau is not consistent with our nation’s history as an independent country, and not consistent with any current threats to Palau’s sovereignty or security," Mr Baules said.

Chinese interference?

Such opposition has brought suggestions of Chinese interference.

Mr Whipps told Washington's Foundation for Defence of Democracies (FDD) think tank in July that China was actively wooing politicians in Palau and described the speaker of the House and president of the Senate as "very supportive of China."

Mr Baules, who failed to win Senate support in 2017 for a resolution to establish trade ties with China, told Reuters the missile resolution was "not about China."

He said he had "consistently supported building economic ties with all nations, including China."

Ms Cleo Paskal, an expert on the Pacific islands at FDD, said the issue of missile deployment was highly charged given elections due to be held in Palau in the latter half of 2024.   

She said the US case was not helped by the failure so far by the US Congress to approve new 20-year funding programmes for Palau, Micronesia and the Marshall Islands, due to budget squabbling between Republicans and Democrats in Washington.    

The delay in congressional approval has created a particular funding crunch for Palau.   

“For those that are pushing ‘the US is making us a target of a military target and isn’t helping with our schools or health care system,’ this plays right into that argument,” Ms Paskal said. REUTERS