MEXICO CITY • She has been a princess, a president, a Marine Corps sergeant, an astronaut and a Star Wars stormtrooper. In Mexico for the Day of the Dead festival, Barbie is even a skeleton.

Yet while fans of the iconic doll see it as an homage to the country's rich tradition, critics say it is little more than cultural appropriation.

Mattel has launched the second Barbie based on Catrina, a skeletal representation of death created by cartoonist Jose Guadalupe Posada that is a symbol of one of Mexico's most important festivals.

The United States toymaker says the doll "honours the traditions, symbols and rituals" of the Day of the Dead, which is celebrated on Nov 1 and 2.

But some in Mexico see the Barbie - which has a price tag of about US$72 (S$98) - as just another example of big brands cashing in on the country's heritage.

"The cultural, hereditary and symbolic importance that this holiday has for Mexico opens up in the eyes of the market opportunities that are exploited by these firms," said sociologist Roberto Alvarez.

The Day of the Dead "should be a solemn subject", but it has become a commercial event in the US since being featured in movies such as Coco, the computer-animated fantasy released by Disney's Pixar studio in 2017, he said.

Fans of the iconic doll see Catrina Barbie - which bears certain similarities to renowned painter Frida Kahlo - as a respectful tribute.

"It means that they take notice of our traditions," said Zoila Muntane, a 54-year-old artist and doll collector who has 2,000 Barbies. Fellow fan Carlos Sandoval says the doll represents "a very beautiful tradition, like few others in the world".

This year, Barbie wears a blush-coloured lace dress and a crown of skeleton hands holding roses and marigolds, unlike the first Day of the Dead edition last year, which was dressed in black. Its creator, Mexican-American designer Javier Meabe, said he sought to "create more awareness of the celebration", which Unesco in 2003 named an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The festival is believed to be when the gateway separating the living and the deceased opens, allowing people to pay their respects to those who have died.

Sociologist Librada Moreno, an academic at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, sees the Barbie as a "cultural hybrid" and product of migration to the US, home to 37 million people of Mexican ancestry.

More than one billion Barbies have been sold globally since the American brand's launch 60 years ago.

An earlier Barbie inspired by Kahlo was not sold in Mexico because her family considered its image at odds with that of the late artist. Mattel is not the only US brand launching products linked to the Mexican festival. There is also a Catrina Minnie Mouse and a Nike Day of the Dead collection.

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE